Method of demolishing, collecting or cleaning a building item or material and a contaminated product

专利摘要:
A method of demolishing, collecting or clearing a building item or material, the method comprising the steps of providing a tracer, wherein the tracer comprises an amount of tracer and / or a number of particulate markers, applying the tracer to the building workpiece and / or mixing the tracer in the building workpiece, demolishing and / or collecting at least part of the building workpiece and / or clearing a surface of the building workpiece, producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the applied or mixed tracer and material or material debris which has been demolished, collected and / or purified from the building material, and by means of a determination or reading of the tracer in the contaminated product, associate the contaminated product with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition. A contaminated product which may be provided by the method.
公开号:DK201870306A1
申请号:DKP201870306
申请日:2018-05-17
公开日:2020-01-03
发明作者:Hougaard Thomas；Christiansen Torben
申请人:KH miljø ApS；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates in a first aspect to a method for demolishing, collecting or cleaning a building workpiece or material and in a second aspect a contaminated product which can be provided by the method according to the first aspect of the invention. The demolition is carried out with the application of a tracer and can enable the determination of a portion of demolished, collected or cleaned building material or material. The contaminated product consists of a mixture of demolished, collected or purified waste and / or building material and trace residue.
Demolition, collection or decontamination of a building item or material mechanical processes, often used in renovation or demolition tasks, where part or all of the building item or material is desired to be removed for disposal or recycling.
The task is typically first performed by an assessment of the item to be demolished, collected or cleaned to determine, for example, what safety measures to take, what materials the item consists of, what tools can be used for the task, as well as how the resulting construction waste can be Dispose. Subsequently, a work plan is prepared for the task on which the work is initiated. Typically, renovation or demolition is done using blow grinding, impact drills, hydraulic or compressed air hammers and / or machinery equipped with grabs, crusher vanes, vanes, scissors and / or drums, etc. depending on the type and scope of the task. Before and / or during demolition, sprayed water can be sprayed onto the workpiece being removed to minimize the spread of building dust emitted by the building workpiece.
Depending on the type of task, the building waste can be collected on an ongoing basis. with a collection device forming part of the demolition tool, or after the renovation or demolition is completed.
For construction waste disposal, there are often strict regulations that lay down specific procedures for the construction waste disposal. This is especially true of waste classified as hazardous waste, where the disposal often involves landfill of the waste, which can be associated with significant costs and harmful effects on the environment.
With the methods used today, it can often be a challenge to follow and ensure that waste is actually disposed of according to the prescribed rules.
Waste from the construction industry, especially from renovation projects, is where today the largest quantities of waste are often produced in the community as such, and the prospect of increasing the safety of waste disposal and potentially reducing the amount of waste, resources spent on waste disposal and therefore the consumption of materials can have a significant impact on both the environment and the cost of the building.
It is an object of the invention to meet, reduce or solve one or more of the above-mentioned challenges.
Thus, in a first aspect, the invention seeks to address one or more of these and / or other objects by a method of demolishing and / or collecting and / or cleaning a building item and / or a building material in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a tracer, wherein the tracer comprises an amount of tracer and / or a number of particle markers, the tracer if any comprising a material other than the building material or building material, and / or where the tracer has at least one traceable physical property which is different from the same physical property of the building item or building material and, where appropriate, the particle markers are microparticles, each of which has a visually readable code inscription or marking such as a serial number,
- applying the tracer to the building material and / or mixing the tracer into the building material,
- demolishing and / or collecting at least part of the building workpiece and / or cleaning a surface of the building workpiece, producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the applied or mixed tracer and material or material debris which has been demolished, collected and / or cleaned of the building material, and
- by means of a determination or reading of the tracer in the con-
DK 2018 70306 A1 taminated product to associate the contaminated product with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
An advantage of the method according to the first aspect of the invention may be to enable the determination of a type of building material in a collected contaminated product from a demolition or renovation task. This may similarly enable a potentially hazardous waste material to be determined in the contaminated product. Similarly, in the case of abrasive blasting, the proportion of the blasted material, which may include potentially hazardous waste material, can be determined in the contaminated product. Further, it may allow the determination of a potential amount of hazardous waste material in the contaminated product. This, in turn, can have the significant advantage of being possible to trace, thereby potentially ensuring that a contaminated product containing hazardous waste material is disposed of in accordance with the rules laid down by the authorities. It may have the additional advantage of subsequently being able to track, from supervision, authorities or other actors, whether the subsequent handling, disposal or use is in accordance with the applicable rules or as agreed or planned.
This may further have the advantage of significantly reducing environmental impact.
A further advantage may be that it is possible to determine, by means of the information relating to the tracer, who, in the form of a company or a person, etc., who is responsible for a contaminated product, which potentially contains hazardous waste material. It may be in connection with the disposal of the contaminated product or in demolition or refurbishment projects involving more than one demolition or refurbishment company, or in the discovery of a batch of improperly deposited or otherwise disposed or recycled contaminated product. This will be particularly relevant for hazardous waste.
Yet another advantage may be that it opens up the possibility of using or recycling a significantly larger proportion of material and / or material residues from a demolition or renovation task in the form of a contaminated product to
GB 2018 70306 A1 a new construction task or other purpose, as it may be possible to determine waste materials in the contaminated product with improved accuracy and greater safety.
An advantage in case of cleaning by abrasive blasting with a blowing agent may be to enable the determination of the type of abrasive or blowing agent in the contaminated product collected. This can be done by associating a type of abrasive or blowing agent with a specific tracer. Thus, it may be possible to determine the type of abrasive, for example in a portion of blowing agent, by identifying the tracer. This may further open opportunities for recycling the abrasive or blowing agent for other cleaning tasks.
The term "demolition", as used in connection with the present application, is potentially understood to mean that all or part of a building item or building is destroyed, demolished, demolished and / or dismantled or dismantled for disposal or recycling in another building item or as building material.
'' Cleansing '' can potentially be understood to mean removing all or part of a surface or layer (s) of a building item from other parts of the building item for disposal or recycling in another building item or building material. It may include, for example, grinding such as grinding and / or rubbing, for example, a surface of the building workpiece.
"Building material" can potentially be alternatively referred to as building material and can be understood as any material that forms or may form part of a building item or building, including concrete or concrete residues, cement, metal, plastic, soil, sand, gravel, stone , wood, brick, plaster, insulating material, paint or paint residue, minerals and their compounds, particulate or other substrate material such as slag, for example as used under terrain tires or the like, where the building material is potentially to be disposed of as waste and / or for recycling.
"Material or material debris" could potentially include building material.
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Building renovation "or renovation" can potentially be understood as similar demolition ", but potentially where parts of the building remain after renovation, potentially for the purpose of rebuilding or modifying an existing building and / or an existing building item. For example, cleaning is typically done in connection with renovation.
Specific "in connection with a building renovation and / or building demolition" can potentially be understood as an operation at one or more specific construction sites, for example one or more specific construction sites or the like.
"Where appropriate", for example, in connection with the choice of the inclusion of trace element in the tracer, can potentially be understood as the case where the tracer is present in the tracer; and similarly for the particle markers.
"Applying" can potentially be understood as any method or process whereby a potential particulate or fluid agent can be applied to a surface, such as by brushing, rolling, spraying, blowing, or pressing it.
"Mixing" can potentially be understood as any kind of method or process, thereby creating a combination of two products, such as by mixing or mixing the products.
The term "contaminated product" in the present specification can potentially be understood as a product comprising a building material and a tracer, including, for example, a product comprising abrasive blowing agent and tracer contaminated with or admixed or comprising a blasted material, and does not necessarily imply that the demolished or removed material, for example blasted material, comprises hazardous materials or the like. The abrasive material may include, in connection with abrasive blowing, the same material as the blowing agent and / or other materials.
Similarly, a "building item" can potentially be understood as a building or part of a building of any kind and / or any type of building construction such as a bridge, a road or the like. Similarly, a building surface can be understood as a surface of such a building or construction as, for example, a wall, a wall, a facade, a ceiling, a road, a beam, a
DK 2018 70306 A1 pillar, pill or roof.
Particularly "can potentially be understood as extensive or being synonymous with granular, particulate and / or granular.
Similarly, 'abrasive' can potentially be understood as an agent used for abrasive blasting of the building workpiece, and / or having appropriate properties to achieve the mechanical grinding which can be obtained or sought to be obtained in connection with abrasive blasting of the building workpiece.
The abrasive may comprise or substantially consist of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of perlite, carborondum, carbogrit (composted and briquetted wastewater sludge), steel balls, iron shavings, PU sponges with iron shavings, nutshells, fruit kernels, dry ice, metal, sand, plastics or minerals. The abrasive may also comprise or consist of materials other than those mentioned.
'Tracer' can potentially be understood as any traceable material, ie. the quantity and / or type of which can be identified by a technical method such as measuring double refraction of light, absorbing certain wavelengths of light, radioactivity, color, etc. by means of the human eye or some other method of technical analysis. A 'trace element' can potentially include several different trace elements, materials, elements, etc.
In the context of the present invention, a tracer may comprise or be a dye or abrasive applied to a dye or mixed colored particles, ceramics, glass, colored glass, metal or minerals such as alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, fluorescent substance and diamond. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise a DNA tracer, or similar DNA tracer material, for example, as used today in connection with theft protection of objects such as cars. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise or consist of other types of materials traceable to an abrasive used and / or removed or torn or blown off material. A tracer may comprise one or more of the same materials as an abrasive used and / or removed or torn or blown-off material, but may be traceable separately therefrom.
A 'traceable physical property', as used in the present specification, may be any physical distinguishable
DK 2018 70306 A1 a tracer from another material, in particular from the abrasive and / or the removed or torn or blown-off material, using any suitable method of analysis. The tracer and material may be of the same material or substantially the same material, for example in that the tracer has a traceable physical property in the form of a different color or hue than the material. Other examples of traceable properties are the properties of the tracer in relation to the refraction of light with respect to the material, the tracer absorption of certain wavelengths of light and the hardness of the tracer, transparency, size, shape, shape and so on.
The following table lists a number of selected potentially suitable tracers, indicating possible Vickers hardness, refractive index and refractive index, as well as notes with selected possible, potentially beneficial properties of each tracer.
Mineral < > · SrinISLAND. IN V i a C ÖCTCTi Zi£ notes | VHI N □ Alu silicate 600 1.52 - More or less tan after the amount of iron oxide dissolved in the glass. The more iron oxide the higher the refraction of light. Flint, SiO ₂ 1050 1.52 - Characteristic gritty look. Can be mistaken for clay particles. Quartz, SiOa 1200 1.54 0009 The particles are seen with very little relief in liquid with N = 1.54. The highest interference color is in the second order. Cristobalite, SiOi - 1.48 0008 Cristobalite has emerged during the warming of Flint. At 1300 ° C, it is a submicroscopic crystalline particle. Cristobalite is colorless and has negative fluid relief with N = 1.54. olivine 800 1,71-1.78 0.04 Olivine is easy to determine by the fact that the mineral is colorless, has strong positive relief, and a double clearing much higher than quartz (ie high interference fringes). The mineral also has cleavage which can be seen occasionally. Gamet (grenade, almondine) 8Ü0 1.79 0 Commonly used as blowing sand most often in connection with stainless steel surface treatment. Great positive relief and no interference colors. Corundum (95% AI2O3) 1800 1.77 - May find occasional blowing sand. Brownish p.g.a. iron content. No cleavage. Trigonal birefringence as quartz. Clear relief in methylene iodide light refractive fluid, no cleavability Spine! 1400 1.72 - Spinel is produced in smaller quantities for use as refractory stones. Cabonrndum SiC 2400 1.55 - Large production as abrasive. Very suitable for separating in immersion weak, N = 1.54 from quartz. Diamond 10000 2.42 - Get an affordable price like dust. Does not appear in construction waste with great certainty. Stained Glass 400 1,46-1.71 - Can be produced by specification.
A '' blasted material '', '' cleaned material '', '' demolished material 'and the likeDK 2018 70306 A1 can potentially be understood as the material or waste material that has been removed, ie. blown, cleaned or demolished, respectively, from a building item in connection with the processing of the building item.
Collection of the contaminated product can potentially be accomplished by sweeping the product together and / or piling it up and / or placing it in suitable containers, such as a big bag, and / or sucking or blowing it up for collection by means of a suitable apparatus.
In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the contaminated product comprises at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95% by weight of material or material debris which has been demolished, collected and / or purified from the building material.
In another or supplemental embodiment, in the case of demolition or cleaning, the method further comprises the step of collecting the demolished or cleaned or removed building material. The method may also comprise the additional step of collecting a sample of the contaminated product, optionally. from the collected material where the determination or reading of the tracer can potentially be performed on the collected sample of the contaminated product.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of determining, by means of the tracer, whether a building workpiece has been completely demolished or cleaned. An advantage of this may be that it allows an internal or external inspection to check whether the demolition and / or collection and / or cleaning of the building work has been completed.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of using the determination of a tracer in a contaminated product to sort the contaminated product and / or determine the method of disposal of a contaminated product, for example as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. An advantage of this may be to enable automatic or semi-automatic sorting and / or disposal of the contaminated product. Further, it may allow for easier determination of a potentially hazardous, potentially difficult-to-identify, hazardous waste material in a contaminated product.
DK 2018 70306 A1
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the further step of determining, by means of the tracer, that at least part or sample of the contaminated product is derived from an associated specific demolition or renovation task, and potentially determining an amount of, a type of of, a content in and / or composition of the demolished, collected, removed and / or purified material in the contaminated product by means of its association with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition. An advantage of this may be the determination of a quantity of hazardous waste, which may allow the concentration of hazardous waste to be determined in the contaminated product and thus classify the waste according to the limits set by the authorities. This may allow the best-fit disposal method to be determined, which could potentially save costs typically associated with hazardous waste disposal if the hazardous waste concentration in the contaminated product is below the hazardous waste limits set by the authorities.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of associating the tracer with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition, where this step is potentially performed before, during or after the demolition and / or collection and / or decontamination step.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the step of associating the tracer with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition comprises posting and / or recording one or more materials appearing on and / or in the building item and / or building material to be demolished, is collected and / or purified, and potentially includes a further provision and potentially an accounting and / or recording of a quantity of one or more of these materials in said building item and / or building material.
In another or supplemental embodiment, said cleaning of the building work is carried out, where appropriate, by abrasive blasting.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the presence of the tracer in the contaminated product is determined by an assay under a microscope or by a chemical identification or by a measurement of raDK 2018 70306 A1 dioactivity.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the contaminated product comprises at least 50% of material or material debris which is demolished, collected and / or purified from the building material, wherein at least a portion of this material or material residues is potentially particulate, potentially having a grain size of 0.002 to And wherein this material or material residues further potentially comprises at least 50% by weight of this material or material residues having a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm, and / or from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the tracer admixed material or material residues which are demolished, collected and / or purified from the building work, and / or provided on at least one surface of each of a plurality of particles of this material or material, the tracer potentially comprising or substantially comprising one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corondum, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluorescent and DNA tracer, and / or where tracer is particulate and / or in fluid form and where the microparticles potentially comprise or substantially comprise a plastic material and / or where the code inscription is punched, printed, melted or engraved into the surface of the miroparticles, and / or where the code inscription comprises one or several characters, digits, letters and / or symbols, and / or where the markers are, where appropriate, plate-shaped, the plate-shape preferably having a greatest width or length between 0.002 to 10 mm and / or a thickness of 0.002 to 10 mm.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises applying or admixing the tracer by spraying the tracer onto the building workpiece and / or building material and / or by a manual application, for example, with a roller and / or brush, for example, on a surface of the building workpiece, and / or a manual pouring and / or application and / or mixing, for example, in particulate building material.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is applied by spraying a clear binder containing the tracer and which can cure
GB 2018 70306 A1 on the applied surfaces where the application can be carried out by means of an automatic flushing or spraying device. The application can also or alternatively be carried out manually potentially by means of a brush or roller, where the desired tracer and additives can similarly be mixed with a clear binder which can harden on the applied surfaces.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is admixed with a particulate material, such as quartz sand, which is subsequently mixed with the building part and / or the material and / or the material residues. For example, prior to removal of, for example, a slag layer under, for example, a terrain tire or the like, a layer, potentially a thin layer of, for example, 1 to 20 mm, of the material having tracer on top of the slag layer may be applied. , so that it is possible to trace the resulting contaminated product by an analysis of the trace element.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a contaminated product which may be provided by the method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contaminated product comprises:
at least 80% residue of and / or waste from one or more building materials, wherein at least a portion of the residue or waste is particulate with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm and the residue or waste comprises at least 50% by weight of the residue or waste with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm, and from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of a tracer mixed in the residue or waste and / or provided on at least one surface of each of a plurality of particles of the residue or waste, the tracer comprising the amount of tracer and / or a number of particle markers where the tracer comprises, if any, a material other than the building material or building material and / or where the tracer has at least one traceable physical property different from the same physical property of the building material or the building material, wherein the tracer further comprises or substantially consists of one or more of the substances selected from the group n consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, garDK 2018 70306 A1 net, corondum, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluorescent substance and DNA tracer, and where the particulate matter markers, if any, are microparticles, each of which, on a surface, has a code inscription or mark which can be read visually, such as a serial number, where the microparticles further comprise or substantially consist of a plastic material.
In one embodiment, the contaminated product comprises at least 85, 90 or 95% by weight residues of and / or waste from one or more building materials, wherein at least a portion of the residue or waste is particulate with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm and the residue or waste comprises at least 50% by weight of residues or waste with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm.
In a third aspect, the invention relates to the use or recycling of the contaminated product for the production of a building workpiece or building material, the contaminated product being part of the building workpiece or building material produced. An advantage of using or recycling the contaminated product can be a reduced environmental impact both in terms of saving resources for use in the construction industry and a reduction of waste material to be landfilled and / or disposed of, as well as the time and costs involved. Similarly, it may allow for the tracing and / or determination of the origin and / or composition of a material that has been used or reused for a construction task.
In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a blowing agent, the blowing agent comprising an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building work, and wherein the blowing agent comprises from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of particulate markers mixed with the abrasive, the particulate markers being microparticles each having a surface code or a mark that can be read visually, such as a serial number,
DK 2018 70306 A1
- grinding the surface of the building material with the blowing agent, thereby producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising at least parts of the blowing agent and material abrasive-blown from the surface,
- collecting at least parts of the contaminated product and
- assisting in reading the code inscription or marking at least one of the markers to associate the contaminated product with a specific blasting task.
An advantage of the method according to the invention may be the determination of an amount of blown material in the collected contaminated product from a blowing task. This may similarly allow the proportion of the blown material, which may include potentially hazardous waste material, to be determined in the contaminated product. This, in turn, can have the significant advantage of enabling sufficient security to comply with regulatory requirements to classify the contaminated product against the hazardous waste limits set by the authorities. This in turn may open the possibility of reusing the contaminated product as blowing agent in one or more additional blowing tasks which may be at other construction sites if the concentration of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below the set limits. This can reduce the consumption of resources for the production of new blowing agents and thus protect the environment while saving both time and money for the procurement and preparation of new blowing agents. In addition, a significantly reduced environmental impact can be achieved.
After incorporating the markers into the abrasive, it may be impossible in practice to remove the markers from the abrasive so that safe identification of the abrasive and protection against cheating with the content of substances and material in the contaminated product can be achieved.
The particle markers may be randomly distributed and / or substantially uniform in the blowing agent.
The term contaminated product "can here be understood as a product comprising blowing agent with abrasive and particulate markers contaminated with or admixed with a blasted material and does not necessarily imply that the blasted material comprises hazardous materials or the like. The blown material may comprise the same material as the blowing agent and / or other materials.
A particulate marker "is any type of marker which has a code inscription or mark on a visually readable surface such as a serial number and whose quantity or type is potentially identifiable visually by a technical method such as, for example, by a microscope and / or the human eye or any other method of technical analysis. Particular markers can potentially include several different materials or elements, etc. For example, the shape of each marker may be disc-shaped, such as a substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular, or square disc, wherein a maximum length and / or width of the disc may further be from 5 to 1000 times greater than a thickness of the disc. This ratio can potentially be 10 to 500, 20 to 200 or 50 to 100.
The particle markers are in the form of microparticles. "Microparticles" can potentially be understood as particles of the greatest extent, optionally at a height and / or a width and / or a length, of 0.001 - 10 mm. Similarly, the particle markers may have such a greatest extent of 0.001 to 5, 0.005 to 5, 0.01 to 2, 0.01 to 1.0.05 to 1, or 0.1 to 1 mm.
One or more or all of the particle markers may be provided in the form of so-called "microdots".
Each particle marker may comprise several identical, potentially parts of several identical, code inscriptions, potentially of micro or nano size. For example, the micro inscription may be a serial number, and the font size of numbers, letters, or other characters in the inscription may be so much smaller than a particle size that it is ensured that substantially all or most of the particles will comprise at least one full code inscription. Thus, each code inscription may have the greatest extent of 0.0001 to 1, 0.0005 to 0.55, 0.001 to 0.2, 0.001 to 0.1, 0.005 to 0.1, or 0.01 to 0.1 mm. Each marker may include 1 to 200, 5 to 100, or 10 to 50 code inscriptions or individual parts of code inscriptions, where an individual part of a code inscription means that not all of the code inscription is included in markDK 2018 70306 A1, which would typically be able to occur if a code inscription is found at one edge of the cursor, so that part of the inscription has been cut away during the preparation of the cursor.
For example, the particle markers may be prepared by first producing a thin base sheet material or base sheet of the particle material provided with, for example, printed or engraved with, code inscription on one or both surfaces which can then be divided, for example, cut or punched, to the final size and shape of the particles. Alternatively, each marker may otherwise be cut from a larger blank or cast or expressed separately.
The particle markers may comprise or consist of, for example, a plastic or a plastic polymer, for example selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene or a combination of two or more of them. Alternatively, the paricular markers may comprise or consist of, for example, a metal such as steel.
The particulate markers may, in the context of the present invention, potentially have approximately the same properties as the abrasive with respect to weight and / or size and / or relative to other properties, and / or may have a lower density, e.g. density of the abrasive.
The particulate markers may comprise or be added to a dye or admixture of colored particles and / or other tracer such as ceramics, glass, stained glass, metal or a mineral such as alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum , spinel, carborundum, fluorescent substance, and diamond, which may facilitate the identification of the particulate markers. Alternatively or additionally, the particle markers may comprise a DNA tracer or similar DNA tracer material, for example, as used today in connection with theft protection of objects such as cars. Alternatively, the particle markers may comprise or consist of other types of materials traceable to the abrasive used. The particulate markers may comprise the same or more of the same materials as the abrasive and / or may have any suitable property of the abrasive or a variation thereof.
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A "code inscription" or markup can be any combination of characters, numbers, letters or symbols. It may be in the form of a serial number or other numbering methods and / or may include alphanumeric symbols. The code inscription or mark can be printed, engraved, cut or painted on the surface of the markers. The code inscription or mark, for example, may be in the form of a number or alphanumeric code having 3 to 20, 3 to 15, 3 to 12, 3 to 10, 5 to 15, 7 to 13 or 9 to 12 digits.
A "contaminated product" can potentially be understood as a product comprising a blowing agent or blowing agent as well as a material abrasive-blown from a building workpiece or building workpiece.
"Abrasive" can also be referred to as "" abrasive "and is a well-known method of cleaning building objects or removing a surface layer. A particulate material, such as sand, is blown by compressed air to a surface, such as a wall, whereby the particles of the material abut the surface and surface material such as paint is released. This causes the surface to be blown off. For example, abrasive blowing can be performed with a flow of air and / or blowing agent of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 or 10 l / s.
A "blasted material" can potentially be understood as the material or waste material that has been blasted or cleaned from a building item in connection with a blasting of the building material.
Collection of the contaminated product can potentially be accomplished by sweeping the product together and / or piling it up and / or placing it in suitable containers, such as a big bag, and / or sucking or blowing it up for collection by means of a suitable apparatus.
Determination of a proportion of the abrasive-blown material in the collected contaminated product may be, for example, by visual or otherwise optical counting of the amount of particulate markers in a sample of the contaminated product, after which the amount of particles of blown-off material may be similarly determined, or by a chemical analysis of a sample of the contaminated product or a measurement of radioactivity in the sample of the contaminated product.
"Blow job" can potentially be understood as the work or part of
DK 2018 70306 A1 worked in connection with the blowing off of a building item, for example as part of a renovation task or a demolition task of one or more buildings or building structures, and can be carried out, for example, on a building site and / or a building item and / or building material, where abrasive blasting work is performed.
Building material 'can potentially be understood as a material comprising or consisting essentially of one or more building materials such as paint or paint residues, concrete or concrete residues (including cement, sand, gravel and stone), wood, metal and minerals and their compounds, plastics , brick, stone, plaster, sand, slag, etc.
Another advantage of incorporating particle markers in the blowing agent may be to enable the type of abrasive or blowing agent to be determined. It can be done by associating one type of abrasive with a specific type of particulate marker. Thus, it may be possible to determine the type of abrasive, for example in a portion of the abrasive, by identifying the type of particulate marker. This may further have the advantage of providing full or partial traceability of a blowing agent from the time the particulate markers are added to the blowing agent, for final or partial disposal or recycling, which may open the possibility of reusing a blowing agent in more than one construction site or at more than one blowing task, since it can be determined by means of bookkeeping of the blowing agent which waste materials the blowing agent has been used for abrasive blowing, and the amount of such waste material can be determined.
Thus, a further advantage of incorporating particle markers in the abrasive may be to enable the determination of a proportion of abrasive-blasted material in a contaminated product. It can open the way to determine the amount of waste in the contaminated product. This in turn may determine the proportion of one or more potentially hazardous wastes in the contaminated product, which may allow the classification of the contaminated product in relation to the limits set by the authorities for hazardous waste, which in turn allows for the recycling of the contaminated product. for additional abrasive blasting tasks on the same or
DK 2018 70306 A1 other construction sites or in connection with other blow-off tasks.
In one embodiment of the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the particulate markers may be mixed with a liquid. This allows for easier mixing of the microparticles. For example, such a liquid may be water.
In another or supplemental embodiment, a workpiece may be cleaned in stages, for example, in one or more layers, for example, by a surface or stages of different materials, using blowing agents which may comprise different particle markers or particle markers with different code inscriptions and / or different abrasives for each stage or layer or different material of the workpiece. The contamination of the contaminated product may similarly occur in stages; for example, after cleaning each layer or cleaning each different material or after each different blowing agent can be collected.
An advantage of cleaning in stages may be to enable the use of a particularly suitable or effective abrasive for each layer or material. In addition, it may have the advantage of keeping different wastes separate in separate contaminated products. This can be done, for example, by collecting the contaminated product after each stage. This may give the additional advantage of allowing the contaminated product to be disposed of with the specific waste according to the methods particularly suitable for this purpose. It may also have the advantage of having to dispose of only a single smaller portion of the contaminated product rather than the large portion that has been used to purify the complete item. Furthermore, by using blowing agents with different particle markers to clean each layer or material, it may be possible to trace each contaminated product from each layer or material and ensure that the contaminated product and the waste materials it contains in the form of blown material , will be disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing the blowing agent by admixing particle markers in the abrasive where the markers consist of or consist of parts of the same materialDK 2018 70306 A1 le as the abrasive. An advantage of this may be that the abrasive and / or polishing and / or cleaning properties of the blowing agent are not significantly affected, especially if the physical properties of the markers are otherwise similar to those of the abrasive.
The particle markers may have a different color or hue than the abrasive, which may facilitate the reading of the markers.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method is used in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent comprises from 0.0001 to 10, 0.001 to 8, 0.01 to 5, 0.1 to 3, 0.1 to 2 or 0.1 to 1% by weight of particulate markers, wherein the abrasive further potentially constituting the rest of or substantially the rest of the blowing agent. Similarly, the blowing agent may comprise less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001% by weight of particulate markers and / or more than 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3 or 4% by weight of particle markers.
In another or supplemental embodiment, at least a portion of or substantially all of the abrasive in the blowing agent has a grain size of 0.001 to 5 mm, 0.002 to 3.8 mm, 0.002 to 3.6 mm, 0.002 to 3.4 mm, 0.002 to 3.2 mm, 0.002 to 3 mm, 0.002 to 2.8 mm, 0.002 to 2.6 mm, 0.002 to 2.4 mm, 0.002 to
2.2 mm, 0.002 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 2 mm, 0.01 to 2 mm, 0.05 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.5 to 2 mm, 0.75 to 2 mm, 1 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 3.6 mm, 0.01 to 3.4 mm, 0.05 to 3.2 mm, 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.3 to 2.8 mm, 0.5 to 2.6 mm, 0.7 to 2.4 mm and / or 0.75 to 2.2 mm.
"Grain size" of a particle may potentially be alternatively referred to as particle size "and may be understood as a diameter or greatest spatial extent or size of the particle in any direction. A grain size can be determined by a texture analysis performed by sieving through a series of decreasing mesh sizes.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent comprises at least 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90% by weight of the abrasive.
In another or complementary embodiment, the particulate markers in the abrasive are mixed at the same time as the abrasive blowing, for example by
GB 2018 70306 A1 particulate markers are applied to the abrasive immediately before leaving the abrasive blower. For example, the particle markers can be stored in a tank separately from the abrasive.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent is made by mixing a certain amount of abrasive with a certain amount of particulate markers. It can be done in an automated process or manually.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the additional step after abrasive blowing to associate the contaminated product with a specific blowing task, then potentially comparing the contaminated product with the associated specific blowing task, and then potentially determining a type of the abrasive blown material in the contaminated product. using the associated specific blow off task.
An advantage of associating the contaminated product with a specific blow job after grinding can be that it is possible to document where the contaminated product has been used by means of the particulate markers. Thus, the contaminated product can potentially be traced back to the associated blowout task by identifying the particulate markers. Thus, by posting the substances that can or will be blown off by a specific blowing task, it may be possible to determine the possible substances (in the form of abrasive-blown material) that the contaminated product contains or may contain.
Comparison of the contaminated product with a specific blow-off task may occur by marking the contaminated product, potentially by affixing or pressing a barcode or label or otherwise affixing an identification to a container in which the contaminated product is collected, either before, in connection with or after collection. The bar code or label can be posted in a register so that a specific blow job is associated with a building site, part of a construction site, a time for a blow job, a building item and / or possible substances that appear on the building item to be sandblasted.
By comparing the contaminated product with the associated one
GB 2018 70306 A1 specific blow-off task, it may be possible to ensure that, when recycling the contaminated product for a new blow-off task, waste materials that do not appear in the new blow-off task are not dispersed.
In addition, by posting and / or registering a blowing agent containing a specific type of particulate markers for a specific blowing task, it may be possible, by identifying the particulate markers in the contaminated product, to determine the specific blowing task for which the blowing agent has been used; and what possible substances in the form of blown-off material can be found in the contaminated product.
In another or complementary embodiment, the step of associating the markers to a specific blow job is to post the substances present on the items to be abrasive.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of associating the markers with a specific blasting task prior to grinding blasting. This can be done by posting and associating the type of particle markers added to the blowing agent, possibly. along with the information on which substances occur during the blow-off task to be performed. An advantage of associating the blowing agent with a specific blowing task prior to sanding can be to provide full traceability from before use for disposal or recycling.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the code inscription comprises one or more characters, digits, letters and / or symbols, which may have the advantage of being readily recognizable and at the same time potentially unique codes that can be used to distinguish between or post different batches of blowing agent and contaminated product.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the markers each comprise or consist of a material in which the code inscription is preferably stamped, printed, melted or engraved in a surface of the marker. An advantage of this may be that the code inscription does not quickly wear or grind off the surface of the markers by abrasive blasting, thereby remaining legible abrasive blasting and possibly after one or more re-uses.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the particle markers consist of a plastic material or, in that case 2018 70306 A1, late.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises determining the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the contaminated product collected comprising determining an amount of particulate markers in the contaminated product. An advantage of this may be that a predetermined analytical method can be used to determine the amount of particulate markers in the contaminated product and hence the amount of blown material in the contaminated product, regardless of the type of blown material.
Another or complementary embodiment of the method comprises determining an amount of particulate markers in the contaminated product by an optical or visual, manual or automatic counting under or by means of a microscope or spectroscope, potentially in a sample of the contaminated product. product. Here, a number of markers can be counted in a certain amount or weight of the contaminated product. A visual or optical count can be performed by means of a microscope and / or spectroscopy where the amount of blowing agent particles is determined by analyzing the absorption of different wavelengths of light in a sample of the collected contaminated product. Subsequently, the amount of particles of blown material or the amount of blowing agent particles in the sample of the collected contaminated product can be determined by analyzing the amount of birefringence in the sample and then the amount of particles of blown material can be determined, potentially by a simple calculation.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises an analysis of a material composition or content of one or more materials, such as hazardous substances, in the building workpiece or in or at a surface thereof. This can then be recorded and potentially associated with data for the code inscription in the markers used. This analysis can be performed before or after the abrasive blowing, whereby an amount of a specific material in the blown material can be determined as explained above. Against this background, a proportion of the specific material in the contaminated product can be calculated and this proportion can be registered.
DK 2018 70306 A1
In another or complementary embodiment, one or more or all of said analysis results are recorded in an electronic or manual recording system.
In another or supplemental embodiment, a proportion of a specific material in the contaminated product is compared with a limit value, and it is potentially determined from this whether the contaminated product can be reused, for example, for a new potentially similar blow-off task.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the contaminated product is recycled as a blowing agent in another building site or in another blowing task or for blowing off another building item or for a different purpose, for example as building material. The method of blowing off the second building item can potentially be according to the fourth aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the markers are plate shaped, the plate shape preferably having a greatest width or length between 0.002 to 10 mm, 0.005 to 5 mm, 0.01 to 1 mm or 0.1 to 1 mm, and / or a thickness of 0.002. to 10 mm, 0.002 to 10 mm, 0.005 to 5 mm, 0.01 to 1 mm or 0.1 to 1 mm.
The present invention relates in a fifth aspect to a blowing agent suitable for use in the abrasive blowing method according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the blowing means comprising:
an amount of mainly particulate abrasive for grinding the building material and from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of particulate markers mixed with the abrasive, the particulate markers comprising a plurality of microparticles each having on one surface a code inscription or marker which can be read visually, such as a a serial number wherein at least a portion of the abrasive has a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, and wherein the blowing agent comprises at least 50% by weight of the abrasive having a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, and wherein the markers comprise or consist essentially of a plastic material.
DK 2018 70306 A1
The blowing agent according to the fifth aspect of the invention can be used as the blowing agent in the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention. In addition, the blowing agent according to the fourth aspect of the invention may itself include one or more of the properties of the blowing agent used in the method as described above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the fourth aspect of the invention.
The present invention relates in a sixth aspect to a contaminated product which comprises the blowing agent according to the fifth aspect of the invention as well as a building material which is a material other than the blowing agent. The building material may, for the sixth aspect of the invention itself, further include one or more of the properties described for the building materials mentioned above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the fourth aspect of the invention.
In a seventh aspect, the invention relates to the use of the blowing agent according to the fifth aspect of the invention for abrasive blowing of a building workpiece, potentially for abrasive blowing according to the fourth aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
In an eighth aspect, the invention relates to a method for abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a blowing agent, wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building material, and wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive, the tracer comprising a material other than the abrasive, and / or wherein the tracer has at least one traceable physical property, which is different from the same physical property of the abrasive,
- grinding the surface of the building material with the blowing agent, thereby producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising at least parts of the blowing agent and material abrasive-blown from the surface,
- collecting at least parts of the contaminated product and
- by using the tracer, determine a proportion of abrasive-blown material-
DK 2018 70306 A1 le in the contaminated product collected.
An advantage of this method may be to enable determination of an amount of blown material in the collected contaminated product from a blowdown task. This may similarly allow the proportion of the blown material, which may include potentially hazardous waste material, to be determined in the contaminated product. This, in turn, can have the significant advantage of enabling sufficient security to comply with regulatory requirements to classify the contaminated product against the hazardous waste limits set by the authorities. This in turn may open the possibility of reusing the contaminated product as blowing agent in one or more additional blowing tasks which may be at other construction sites if the concentration of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below the set limits. This can reduce the consumption of resources for the production of new blowing agents and thus protect the environment while saving both time and money for the procurement and preparation of new blowing agents. In addition, a significantly reduced environmental impact can be achieved.
The term contaminated product, in the present specification, can potentially be understood as a product comprising blowing agent with abrasive and tracer contaminated with or mixed with a blown material and does not necessarily imply that the blown material comprises hazardous materials or the like. The blown material may comprise the same material as the blowing agent and / or other materials.
A "blowing agent" can potentially be understood to include or substantially consist of an abrasive for abrasive blowing as well as tracer and / or particle markers which are a material other than the abrasive. The blowing agent may also comprise, for example, air, water or other liquids or impurities of various kinds. The abrasive, tracer and / or particle markers may be distributed substantially uniformly in the blowing agent, ie. so that in different sample volumes of the blowing agent there is substantially the same amount or weight percent of the tracer and / or particulate markers.
In the context of the present aspect of the invention, a tracer can potentially have approximately the same properties as the abrasive in FORDK 2018 70306 A1 hold for weight and / or size and / or other properties. The tracer may comprise or be a dye or abrasive applied to a dye or mixed colored particles, ceramics, glass, colored glass, metal or minerals such as alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, fluorescent and diamond. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise a DNA tracer, or similar DNA-traceable material, for example, as used today in connection with theft protection of objects such as cars. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise or consist of other types of materials traceable to the abrasive used and / or the blown-off material. A tracer may comprise the same one or more of the same materials as the abrasive, but may be traceable separately from the abrasive used and / or the blown off material; for example, one type of abrasive may be used as the abrasive and another type of abrasive as tracer in the abrasive. Here, the type of abrasive may include any suitable property or variation of the abrasive; for example, as a tracer, an abrasive type of substantially the same material as the abrasive may be used, but having a different hue or other property than the abrasive, where the hue must be sufficiently different from the abrasive hue for the above analyzes to implemented. Collection of the contaminated product here can also potentially be done by sweeping the product together and / or shoveling it up and / or placing it in suitable containers, such as a big bag, and / or sucking or blowing it for collection by means of a suitable apparatus for this purpose.
Determination of a proportion of the abrasive-blown material in the collected contaminated product may be, for example, by visual or otherwise optical counting of the amount of blowing agent particles in a sample of the contaminated product, after which the amount of particles of blown-off material may be similarly determined, or a chemical analysis of a sample of the contaminated product or a measurement of radioactivity in the sample of the contaminated product.
Another advantage of incorporating a tracer into the blowing agent may be to enable determination of the type of abrasive or blowing agent. It may
DK 2018 70306 A1 is done by associating a type of abrasive with a specific tracer. Thus, it may be possible to determine the type of abrasive, for example in a portion of the abrasive, by identifying the tracer. This may further have the advantage of providing full or partial traceability of a blowing agent from the time the tracer is added to the blowing agent, for final or partial disposal or recycling, which may open the possibility of reusing a blowing agent in more than one construction site or in more than one blow-off task. , as it is possible to determine by means of bookkeeping of the blowing agent which waste materials the blowing agent has been used for abrasive blowing, and the amount of such waste material can be determined.
Thus, a further advantage of incorporating a tracer into the abrasive may be to enable the determination of a proportion of abrasive-blasted material in a contaminated product. It can open the way to determine the amount of waste in the contaminated product. This in turn may determine the proportion of one or more potentially hazardous wastes in the contaminated product, which may allow the classification of the contaminated product in relation to the limits set by the authorities for hazardous waste, which in turn allows for the recycling of the contaminated product. for additional abrasive blasting tasks at the same or other construction sites or in connection with other blasting tasks.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of grinding and screening the contaminated product to form a fraction of the contaminated product of a particular grain size prior to the step of determining a proportion of abrasive blasted material in the contaminated product. The particular grain size can be between 0.01 to 0.15 mm, 0.02 to 0.14 mm, 0.03 to 0.13 mm, 0.04 to 0.12 mm, 0.05 to 0.11 mm or 0.06 to 0.1 mm. The particular grain size may also be over 0.005 mm, 0.006 mm, 0.007 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.009 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.04 mm , 0.045 mm, 0.05 mm. The particular grain size may also be less than 0.2 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.11 mm or 0.1 mm.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer may be dissolved or otherwise contained in a liquid which may be a material other than the tracer. For example, the tracer may be or comprise a liquid mixed with another liquid, and / or the tracer may be or comprise a solid, potentially a particulate solid, mixed with a liquid. This facilitates easier application to or admixture of the tracer in the abrasive. Such a liquid may be, for example, water with a binder or binder or may be a paint or lacquer or the like, for example a clear lacquer. After application or admixture, it may be relevant to allow the liquid to dry up or cure, thereby potentially bonding the tracer to the abrasive. The tracer itself may be a liquid, such as a paint or varnish or the like, and may be clear or colored.
In another or supplemental embodiment, a workpiece may be cleaned in stages, for example, in one or more layers, for example, by a surface or stages of different materials, using blowing agents which may include different tracers and / or different abrasives for each stage or each layer or different material of the subject. The contamination of the contaminated product may similarly occur in stages; for example, after cleaning each layer or cleaning each different material or after each different blowing agent can be collected.
An advantage of cleaning in stages may be to enable the use of a particularly suitable or effective abrasive for each layer or material. In addition, it may have the advantage of keeping different wastes separate in separate contaminated products. This can be done, for example, by collecting the contaminated product after each stage. This may give the additional advantage of allowing the contaminated product to be disposed of with the specific waste according to the methods particularly suitable for this purpose. It may also have the advantage that only a single small portion of the contaminated product should be disposed of instead of a large portion that has been used to purify the complete item. Furthermore, by using blowing agents with different tracers for cleaning each layer or material, it may be possible to trace each contaminated product from each layer or material and ensure that the contaminated product and the waste materials contained therein
DK 2018 70306 A1 contains in the form of blown off material, will be disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing the blowing agent by admixing a tracer in the abrasive, the tracer being composed of the same material as the abrasive, but comprising one or more optical properties different from the abrasive. Such a property can be a color or a hue. An advantage of this may be that the abrasive and / or polishing and / or cleaning properties of the blowing agent are not significantly affected, especially if the physical properties of the tracer otherwise correspond to the abrasive.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method is used in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent is associated with a specific blowing task prior to abrasive blowing by means of a tracer. This can be done by posting and associating the type of tracer with the blowing agent, if applicable. along with the information on which substances occur during the blow-off task to be performed. An advantage of associating the blowing agent with a specific blowing task prior to sanding can be to provide full traceability from before use for disposal or recycling.
In one embodiment of the method of the invention, the blowing agent comprises from 0.0001 to 10, 0.001 to 8, 0.01 to 5, 0.1 to 3, 0.1 to 2.0.1 to 1, 0.5 to 1, 0.5 to 2, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 4, 0.5 to 5, 0.5 to 6, 1 to 5, or 2 to 4% by weight of the tracer, where the abrasive may further potentially make up the rest of the or essentially the rest of the blowing agent. Similarly, the blowing agent may comprise less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001% by weight of the tracer and / or more than 0.0001, 0.001, 0 , 01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3 or 4% by weight of the tracer. If there is too little tracer, for example corundum (also called corundum and / or corundum), in the blowing agent, it can cause the tracer to not be traced with sufficient precision. If there is too much tracer, the abrasive properties of the blowing agent can be adversely affected.
DK 2018 70306 A1
In another or supplemental embodiment, at least a portion of or substantially all of the abrasive in the blowing agent has a grain size of 0.001 to 5 mm, 0.002 to 3.8 mm, 0.002 to 3.6 mm, 0.002 to 3.4 mm, 0.002 to 3.2 mm, 0.002 to 3 mm, 0.002 to 2.8 mm, 0.002 to 2.6 mm, 0.002 to 2.4 mm, 0.002 to
2.2 mm, 0.002 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 2 mm, 0.01 to 2 mm, 0.05 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.5 to 2 mm, 0.75 to 2 mm, 1 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 3.6 mm, 0.01 to 3.4 mm, 0.05 to 3.2 mm, 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.3 to 2.8 mm, 0.5 to 2.6 mm, 0.7 to 2.4 mm and / or 0.75 to 2.2 mm.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent comprises at least 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90% by weight of the abrasive.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is mixed in the abrasive at the same time as the abrasive blowing, for example by applying the tracer to the abrasive immediately before leaving the abrasive blowing apparatus. For example, the tracer can be stored in a tank separately from the abrasive.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent is made by mixing a certain amount of abrasive with a certain amount of tracer. It can be done in an automated process or manually.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the additional step: after grinding, to associate the contaminated product with a specific blasting task, then to potentially compare the contaminated product with the associated specific blasting task, and then to potentially determine a type of the grinding-blasted material in the contaminated material. product using the associated specific blow off task.
An advantage of associating the contaminated product with a specific blow job after grinding can be that it is possible to use the tracer to document where the contaminated product has been used. Thus, the contaminated product can potentially be traced back to the associated blow-off task by identifying the tracer. Thus, by posting the substances that can or will be blown off by a specific blowing task, it can be possible to determine the possible substances (in the form of abrasive-blown material) that the contaminated product contains or can hold in the Danish 2018 70306 A1.
Comparison of the contaminated product with a specific blow-off task may occur by marking the contaminated product, potentially by affixing or pressing a barcode or label or otherwise affixing an identification to a container in which the contaminated product is collected, either before, in connection with or after collection. The bar code or label can be posted in a register so that a specific blow job is associated with a building site, part of a construction site, a time for a blow job, a building item and / or possible substances that appear on the building item to be sandblasted.
By comparing the contaminated product with the associated specific blow-off task, it can be possible to ensure that, when recycling the contaminated product for a new blow-off task, waste materials that do not appear in the new blow-off task are dispersed.
In addition, by posting and / or registering a blowing agent containing a specific type of tracer for a specific blowing task, it may be possible, by identifying the tracer in the contaminated product, to determine the specific blowing task for which the blowing agent has been used and what possible substances in the form of blasted material that can be found in the contaminated product.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises determining the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the contaminated product collected to determine an amount of the trace element in the contaminated product. An advantage of this may be that one predetermined analytical method can be used to determine the amount of the trace element in the contaminated product and thus the amount of the blown material in the contaminated product, regardless of the type of blown material.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is particulate or in fluid form. An advantage of a particulate tracer may be that it may come very close to or completely imitate the properties of the particulate abrasive. One advantage of a fluid form tracer may be that it can be mixed
GB 2018 70306 A1 with the abrasive so that the abrasive particles absorb the tracer and traceability of the blowing agent can potentially be achieved without any or any significant effect on the abrasive properties.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises determining an amount of the trace element in the contaminated product by an optical or visual manual or automatic counting under or by means of a microscope, by chemical quantification or by measuring radioactivity. An optical count can be performed by means of a microscope and / or spectroscopy where the amount of blowing agent particles is determined by analyzing the absorption of different wavelengths of light in a sample of the collected contaminated product. Subsequently, the amount of particles of blown material or the amount of blowing agent particles in the sample of the collected contaminated product can be determined by analyzing the amount of birefringence in the sample and then the amount of particles of blown material can be determined, potentially by a simple calculation.
A chemical quantification of the amount of trace element in the contaminated product can be done by chemical analysis of a sample of the contaminated product. For example, it can be done by mixing the sample with a specific chemical, which can cause a chemical reaction that can form a reaction product. The amount of reaction product formed can then be used to calculate the amount of tracer and thereby the amount of blowing agent and thereby again the amount of blown material in the sample.
Measuring radioactivity to determine the amount of trace element in the contaminated product can be performed by measuring the radioactivity in a sample of the contaminated product. The radioactivity measurement can then similarly be used to calculate the amount of trace element in the sample of the contaminated product and thus the amount of blowing agent, which allows calculation of the amount of blown material in the sample.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises an analysis of a material composition or content of one or more materials, such as hazardous substances, in the building workpiece or in or at a surface thereof. This analysis can be performed before or after abrasive blowing 2018 70306 A1 gene, whereby an amount of a specific material in the blown material can be determined as explained above. Against this background, a proportion of the specific material in the contaminated product can be calculated and this proportion can be registered.
In another or complementary embodiment, one or more or all of said analysis results are recorded in an electronic or manual recording system.
In another or supplemental embodiment, a proportion of a specific material in the contaminated product is compared with a limit value, and it is potentially determined from this whether the contaminated product can be reused, for example, for a new potentially similar blow-off task.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the contaminated product is recycled as a blowing agent in another building site or in another blowing task or for blowing off another building item or for a different purpose, for example as building material. The method of blowing off the second building item can potentially be according to the eighth aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer or tracer comprises essentially one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond, fluorescent or other minerals or a DNA tracer.
The present invention relates in a ninth aspect to a blowing agent for use in the abrasive blowing method according to the eighth aspect of the invention, the blowing means comprising:
an amount of mainly particulate abrasive for grinding the building material and an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive, wherein the tracer comprises a material other than the abrasive, wherein at least a portion of the abrasive has a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm and the blowing agent comprises at least 50% by weight of the abrasive. a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, and
DK 2018 70306 A1 wherein the tracer comprises or consists essentially of one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond, fluorescent or other minerals, and a DNA tracer.
The blowing agent according to the ninth aspect of the invention can be used as the blowing agent in the method according to the eighth aspect of the invention. In addition, the blowing agent according to the ninth aspect of the invention may itself include one or more of the features described above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the eighth aspect of the invention.
The present invention relates in a tenth aspect to a contaminated product comprising the blowing agent according to the ninth aspect of the invention as well as a building material which is a material other than the blowing agent. The building material may, for the tenth aspect of the invention itself, further comprise one or more of the features described above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the eighth aspect of the invention.
In an eleventh aspect, the invention relates to the use of the blowing agent according to the ninth aspect of the invention for abrasive blowing of a building workpiece, potentially for abrasive blowing according to the eighth aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
Any of the embodiments of the invention according to the first to eleventh aspects may be combined with any other embodiment according to the first to eleventh aspects of the invention.
Thus, in another or supplemental embodiment of the method according to the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention, the blowing agent comprises both particle markers and a tracer. An advantage of the blowing agent comprising both particulate markers and a tracer may be to enable an even more secure determination of a type of blowing agent or a proportion of blown material in a contaminated product. In addition, it may provide greater freedom of choice in the manufacture of the blowing agent, which may similarly increase the efficiency of the blowing agent and / or reduce the cost of selecting the most suitable or most cost-effective tracer or particle markers or combination thereof.
In another or supplemental embodiment of the method according to the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention, the method comprises providing the blowing agent by admixing a tracer in an abrasive, then dividing the blowing agent into several portions, incorporating a unique type of particle markers which are different. apart, in each lot.
An advantage of providing multiple batches of blowing agent comprising the same tracer but unique markers may be to enable the production of a more cost-effective blowing agent, as the tracer can be obtained in large quantities, which often means lower prices that still allow the determination of the proportion of blown material in a contaminated product and to associate a portion of the blowing agent with a separate specific blowing task using the markers.
In another or complementary embodiment of the method according to the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention, the method comprises providing the blowing agent by admixing one type of particle markers in an abrasive, then dividing the blowing agent into several portions where a different tracer is mixed in each batch.
In another or supplemental embodiment of the method according to the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention, the blowing agent comprises two different types of tracer.
In another or supplemental embodiment of the method according to the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention, the blowing agent comprises two different types of tracer and particle markers.
This may allow the determination of a proportion of a blown material in a contaminated product or a batch of blowing agent with even greater certainty.
In another or supplemental embodiment, the method is performed according to both the first aspect of the invention and also according to the fourth aspect of the invention or according to both the first aspect of the invention and also according to the
DK 2018 70306 A1 the eighth aspect of the invention or according to both the first aspect of the invention and also according to both the fourth and eighth aspects of the invention.
An advantage of this may be to enable a more cost-effective work process, since it is possible to apply the tracer in connection with the first aspect of the invention to a layer or surface of the building work, where quantification of waste material in the contaminated product is potentially not important or of particular advantage or where it is potentially not possible to use a blowing agent with tracer and / or particle markers. It may further have the advantage that it becomes possible to use a tracer for the determination of a building renovation or demolition to which a contaminated product is associated, and a blowing agent with tracer and / or particulate markers for the determination of an amount of waste material in it. contaminated product. This will make it possible to choose the most suitable combination of tracer and / or blowing agent, in terms of efficiency and cost, for an existing building demolition or renovation.
The demolition or renovation can take place in stages where one embodiment of one of the first, fourth and eighth aspects of the invention or a combination thereof is carried out in each stage, and the stages are potentially performed with a different embodiment and / or aspect and / or combination of aspects of each stage, and / or where the particle markers or tracer are varied between several of the stages.
Example 1
The following describes a detailed example of the practical implementation of the first to third aspects of the present invention.
First, the tracer is produced in an automated process using a disposing and mixing apparatus. A user selects the type and quantity respectively. mixer as well as tracer and / or particle markers, after which the dispensing and mixing apparatus feeds the selected amounts of mixer as well as tracer and / or markers to a mixing chamber. In the present example, the tracer means may comprise, for example, approx. 95% by weight of mixed DK 2018 70306 A1 substance in the form of a clear binder, 2.5% by weight of particulate alusilicate and approx. 2.5% by weight particle markers in the form of plastic microparticles of plastic with identical identical 10-digit micro-serial numbers. In the mixing chamber, the mixing substance, tracer and markers are mixed together to produce a uniform tracer, i.e. a tracer wherein the tracer and markers are distributed substantially uniformly in the clear binder.
Then, using the type of tracer and markers, the tracer is associated and recorded with a specific building demolition or renovation in an electronic registration system on a computer. In the registration system, the specific building demolition or renovation is associated with the various hazardous wastes, which, based on an initial analysis of the facade, are expected to occur during the task. The finished tracer is then filled into a paint container or other suitable container, applied with a unique barcode label attached to the tracer in the registration system and transported to the building site or the like where it is to be used for a facade drive.
At the construction site, the tracer is applied to a paint sprayer and the tracer is sprayed onto the facade. Then the facade is demolished by means of a compressed air hammer in a sealed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
After demolition by means of the compressed air hammer, the contaminated product, consisting mainly of material and material residues from the facade and tracer, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a large bag or other suitable container which is applied to a new label with another unique bar code associated with the contaminated product in the registration system.
Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm ³ from the contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bag with the contaminated product and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, part of the contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. It is then determined by a visual inspection that the sample comprises DK 2018 70306 A1 ter tracer alusilicate and / or markers with the same ten-digit serial number as registered previously, and this is noted in the registration system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific building demolition or renovation, and this is noted in the registration system.
For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade that is expected to be demolished contains approx. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the demolished material comprises approx. 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the contaminated product can be calculated and this share can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below a limit value set by the blowing agent authorities, the contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being reusable for production of a new building item or building material in a new building task.
The contaminated product is then used for the production of a building item or building material.
This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
Example 2
The following describes a detailed example of practice in practice of the fourth to seventh aspects of the present invention.
First, the blowing agent is produced in an automated process using a disposing and mixing apparatus. A user selects the type and quantity respectively. abrasive and particle markers, after which the dispensing and mixing apparatus supplies the selected amounts of abrasive and markers to a mixing chamber. In the present example, the blowing agent comprises approx. 95% by weight of abrasive in the form of quartz sand and approx. 5% by weight particleDK 2018 70306 A1 re markers in the form of plastic microparticles with a ten-digit printed serial number. In the mixing chamber, the abrasive and markers are mixed together to produce a uniform blowing agent, ie. a blowing agent wherein the markers are distributed substantially uniformly in the abrasive.
Then, using the type of markers, the blowing agent is associated and recorded for a specific blow job in an electronic recording system on a computer. In the registration system, the bleeding task is associated with the various particularly hazardous waste materials, which, based on an initial analysis of the facade, are expected to occur in the task. Then, the finished blowing agent is filled into a big bag or other suitable container, applied with a unique barcode label attached to the blowing agent in the registration system and transported to the building site or the like where it is used for abrasive blowing of a building item in the form of a building facade.
At the construction site, the blowing agent is supplied to an abrasive blowing apparatus as described in the preamble above, after which the facade is abrasive blown with the abrasive supplied with compressed air as described above in a closed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
After grinding using the grinding device, the contaminated product, which mainly consists of the spent blowing agent and the grinding-blown material from the building's facade, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a big bag, which is applied to a new label with another unique bar code. associated with the contaminated product in the registration system.
Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm ³ from the contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bag with the contaminated product and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, part of the contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. After this, a visual inspection determines that the sample comprises the markers with the same ten digit serial number as previously registered, and this is noted in the registration system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the contaminated product in
DK 2018 70306 A1 mentioned the big bag originates from the specific blow-off task and this is noted in the registration system.
In the same operation, a count of particle markers in the contaminated product is performed by means of an optical analysis, namely a visual count under the microscope, and the amount of markers in the sample is determined from the known weight of the markers in relation to the weight of the sample.
Based on the amount of markers in the sample, the amount of blowing agent in the sample is then calculated using the associated data in the register of abrasive mixing ratios and markers in the blowing agent.
Based on a simple calculation, the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the sample is then determined, after which the proportion of abrasive-blasted material the collected contaminated product can easily be calculated.
For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade which is expected to be abrasive-blasted contains approx. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the abrasive-blasted material correspondingly comprises 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the contaminated product can be calculated and this share can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for recycling the blowing agent, the contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being recyclable as a blowing agent in a new blowing task.
The contaminated product is then used as a blowing agent in a new blow-off task which can be performed substantially similarly as described above in the present example.
This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
Example 3
The following describes a detailed example of implementation in
DK 2018 70306 A1 practice of the eighth to eleventh aspects of the present invention.
First, the blowing agent is produced in an automated process using a disposing and mixing apparatus. A user selects the type and quantity respectively. abrasive and tracer, after which the disposing and mixing apparatus supplies the selected amounts of abrasive and tracer to a mixing chamber. In the present example, the blowing agent comprises approx. 95% by weight of abrasive in the form of quartz sand and approx. 5% by weight of trace element in the form of particulate alusilicate. In the mixing chamber, the abrasive and the tracer are mixed together to produce a uniform blowing agent, ie. a blowing agent wherein the tracer is distributed substantially uniformly in the abrasive.
Then, using the type of tracer, the blowing agent is associated and recorded for a specific blow job in an electronic recording system on a computer. In the registration system, the bleeding task is associated with the various particularly hazardous waste materials, which, based on an initial analysis of the facade, are expected to occur in the task. Then, the finished blowing agent is filled into a big bag or other suitable container, applied with a unique barcode label attached to the blowing agent in the registration system and transported to the building site or the like where it is used for abrasive blowing of a building item in the form of a building facade.
At the construction site, the blowing agent is supplied to an abrasive blowing apparatus as described in the preamble above, after which the facade is abrasive blown with the abrasive supplied with compressed air as described above in a closed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
After grinding using the grinding device, the contaminated product, which mainly consists of the spent blowing agent and the grinding-blown material from the building's facade, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a big bag, which is applied to a new label with another unique bar code. associated with the contaminated product in the registration system.
Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm ³ from the contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bag with the contaminated proDK 2018 70306 A1 product and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, part of the contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. It is then determined by visual inspection that the sample comprises the tracer alusilicate and this is noted in the recording system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific grinding task, and this is noted in the registration system.
In the same operation, a counting of trace particles in the contaminated product is performed by means of an optical analysis, namely a visual count under the microscope, and the amount of trace element in the sample is determined from the known weight of the trace particles compared to the weight of the sample.
Based on the amount of tracer in the sample, the amount of blowing agent in the sample is then calculated using the associated data in the register of the abrasive and tracer mixing ratios in the blowing agent.
Based on a simple calculation, the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the sample is then determined, after which the proportion of abrasive-blasted material the collected contaminated product can easily be calculated.
For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade which is expected to be abrasive-blasted contains approx. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the abrasive-blasted material correspondingly comprises 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the contaminated product can be calculated, and this proportion can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for recycling the blowing agent, the contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being recyclable as a blowing agent in a new blowing task.
The contaminated product is then used as a blowing agent in a new blow-off task, which can essentially be carried out similarly to beDK 2018 70306 A1 written above in the present example.
This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
Example 4
The following describes a detailed example of the practice in practice of combining the fourth to seventh aspects of the invention with the eighth to the eleventh aspects of the present invention.
First, the blowing agent is produced in an automated process using a disposing and mixing apparatus. A user selects the type and quantity respectively. abrasive, tracer and particle markers, whereupon the disposal and mixing apparatus supplies the selected quantities of abrasive, tracer and markers to a mixing chamber. In the present example, for example, the blowing agent comprises about 95% by weight abrasive in the form of quartz sand, 2.5% by weight particulate alusilicate and approx. 2.5% by weight particle markers in the form of plastic microparticles of plastic with a printed ten-digit serial number. In the mixing chamber, the abrasive, tracer and markers are mixed together to produce a uniform blowing agent, ie. a blowing agent in which the tracer and markers are distributed substantially uniformly in the abrasive.
Then, using the type of tracer and markers, the blowing agent is associated and recorded for a specific blow job in an electronic recording system on a computer. In the registration system, the bleeding task is associated with the various particularly hazardous waste materials, which, based on an initial analysis of the facade, are expected to occur in the task. Then, the finished blowing agent is filled into a big bag or other suitable container, applied with a unique barcode label attached to the blowing agent in the registration system and transported to the building site or the like where it is used for abrasive blowing of a building item in the form of a building facade.
At the construction site, the blowing agent is supplied to an abrasive blowing apparatus as described in the introduction above, after which the facade is abrasive blown with abrasiveDK 2018 70306 A1 agent supplied with compressed air as described above in a sealed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
After grinding using the grinding device, the contaminated product, which mainly consists of the spent blowing agent and the grinding-blown material from the building's facade, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a big bag, which is applied to a new label with another unique bar code. associated with the contaminated product in the registration system.
Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm ³ from the contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bag with the contaminated product and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, part of the contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. After this, a visual inspection determines that the sample comprises the tracer alusilicate and the markers with the same ten digit serial number as registered previously, and this is noted in the registration system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific blow-off task, and this is noted in the registration system.
In the same operation, a count of tracer particles and particle markers in the contaminated product is performed by means of an optical analysis, namely a visual count under the microscope, and the amount of tracer particles and markers in the sample is determined from the known weight of the tracer particles and the particle markers compared. with the weight of the sample.
Based on the amount of tracer and markers in the sample, the amount of blowing agent in the sample is then calculated using the associated data in the register of the mixing conditions of abrasive, tracer and markers in the blowing agent.
Based on a simple calculation, the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the sample is then determined, after which the proportion of abrasive-blasted material the collected contaminated product can easily be calculated.
For example, if the preliminary analysis shows that the surface of facaDK 2018 70306 A1 contains the one that is expected to be abrasive-blasted, e.g. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the abrasive-blasted material correspondingly comprises 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the contaminated product can be calculated and this share can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for recycling the blowing agent, the contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being recyclable as a blowing agent in a new blowing task.
The contaminated product is then used as a blowing agent in a new blow-off task which can be performed substantially similarly as described above in the present example.
This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
Example 5
The following describes a detailed example of the practice of combining the first to third aspect with the fourth to seventh aspects and the eighth to the eleventh aspects of the present invention.
First, the blowing agent is produced as in Example 2, 3 or 4, and the blowing agent is then associated and recorded as in Example 2, 3 or 4 for a specific blowing task.
The tracer is then produced as in Example 1, and then the tracer is associated and recorded as in Example 1.
Thereafter, the blowing agent is applied to an abrasive blowing apparatus, after which the upper layer of the facade is abraded with the abrasive supplied with compressed air in a sealed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
After abrasive blasting using the abrasive blasting device, the first contaminated product, consisting mainly of the
DK 2018 70306 A1 consumed blowing agent and the abrasive-blasted material from the building's facade, by aspiration with a suction device and stored again in a big bag, which is applied with a new label with another unique bar code associated with the first contaminated product in the registration system.
Then, the tracer is applied to a paint sprayer, after which the tracer is sprayed onto the abrasive surface of the facade. Then, the abrasive-blown surface of the facade is demolished by means of a compressed air hammer. After demolition by means of the compressed air hammer, the second contaminated product, consisting mainly of material and material residues from the building's facade and tracer, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a large bag or other suitable container which is applied to a new label with a other unique bar code associated with the second contaminated product in the registration system.
Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm ³ from each contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bags with the corresponding contaminated products and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, part of the first contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. It is then determined by a visual inspection that the sample comprises the trace element olivine and the markers with the same twelve-digit serial number as previously recorded, and this is noted in the registration system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the first contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific blow-off task, and this is noted in the registration system.
In the same operation, a count of tracer particles and / or particle markers in the first contaminated product is performed by means of an optical analysis, namely a visual count under the microscope, and the amount of tracer particles and markers in the sample is determined from the known weight of the tracer particles and / or the particle markers compared to the weight of the sample.
Based on the amount of tracer and markers in the sample, the amount of blowing agent in the sample is then calculated using the associated data in the register
GB 2018 70306 A1 for the mixing conditions of abrasive, tracer and markers in the blowing agent.
On the basis of a simple calculation, the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the sample is then determined, after which the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the collected first contaminated product can be easily calculated.
For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade to be abraded contains approx. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the abrasive-blasted material correspondingly comprises approx. 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the first contaminated product can be calculated and this share can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the first contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for the recycling of the blowing agent, the first contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being recyclable as a blowing agent in a new blowing task.
The first contaminated product is then used as a blowing agent in a new blowing task which can be carried out substantially similarly as described above in the present example.
Then, in the laboratory, part of the other contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. In the same way as for the first contaminated product, a visual inspection determines that the sample of the second contaminated product comprises the tracer alusilicate and the markers with the same two-digit serial number as registered previously, and this is noted in the registration system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the other contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific building demolition or renovation, and this is noted in the registration system.
For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade that is expected to be demolished contains approx. 3% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the demolished material comprises approx. 3% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
DK 2018 70306 A1
Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the other contaminated product can be calculated and this share can be registered in the registration system.
If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the other contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for the recycling of the blowing agent, the other contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being reusable for production of a new building item or building material in a new building task. .
The second contaminated product is then used for the production of a building item or building material.
This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
experiments
A total of 16 experiments have been carried out with one embodiment of the method according to the eighth aspect of the invention.
Four different abrasives were mixed with a trace substance in the form of 0.5% by weight corundum as a tracer to provide a blowing agent according to the ninth aspect of the invention.
Four different blowing agents were produced with four different abrasives, namely alusilicate, "" quartz 1 "," "quartz 2" and "" quartz 3 ". Quartz 1-3 had different grain sizes.
Subsequently, each blowing agent was used to grind four different building blocks respectively, in the form of concrete gravel ("BG"), the concrete grate ("BS"), red bricks ("BM") and a plastered surface ("BP") in a closed cabin. Each item was abrasive blown with blowing agent equal to 8 kg / m2. This produced a total of 16 different contaminated products, each according to the tenth aspect of the invention. Then the individual contaminated product, comprising the blown off material and used blowing agent, was collected as far as possible.
Subsequently, a sample of 20 or 50 g was taken from each contaminated product for grinding and screening using an agate-mortar method.
DK 2018 70306 A1 or a sling mill method as described below.
In the mortar method, a sample of 20 g or 50 g, which is crushed into cylinders in smaller portions, was taken out. 5 times.
The sample is ground into an agate mortar in fairly small portions, after which particles with a grain size greater than 90 μm are sieved with a 90 μm sieve. This is a grain size commonly used in laboratory and microscope examination.
The fraction of the grain size sample above 90 μm was re-treated in the mortar and the procedure was continued until a sieve residue of particles with a grain size above 90 μm of 10% ± 2% was used. Weighed along the way. sieving until there was a screening residue of 10% ± 2% of the weight of the sample taken. The sieve residue was not used any further.
The resulting fraction of the grain size sample below 90 µm was washed (rinsed) free of dust on a 63 µm sieve, and the resulting grain size fraction between 63-90 µm was dried and weighed.
In the sling mill method (quartz only), a 20 or 50 g sample is placed in the clean mill. In the sling mill there was room for 2 samples at a time, which sat balanced opposite. It has been shown in experiments that milling should be carried out for approx. 30 min. The sample holder was opened for all samples after 20 min, the sample was screened on a 90 μm sieve, and it was assessed from experience how many minutes to grind in addition. Grinding, sieving and weighing until the 90 μm sieve residue was 10% ± 2%. The total painting time was approx. 30 min.
The fraction of the grain size sample below 90 µm was washed through a 63 µm sieve, after which the resulting grain size fraction between 63 - 90 µm was dried and weighed.
Next, an analysis was performed using quantitative microscopy as described below.
In the quantitative microscopy, a weight was carefully prepared and with a click dispenser 0.6 mg ± 0.05 mg sample of the grain size fraction between 90 - 63 µm was placed on a slide. 3 drops of immersion oil with a known refraction were added with drop pipette. The immersion oil filled completely under the coverslip.
DK 2018 70306 A1
For quartz blowing as well as alusilicate blowing, the refractive index (sound refractive index) of the immersion oil was 1.54.
The corundum used (Al2 O3) had a refractive index of 1.76. As a result of the high refraction relative to the immersion oil, the corundum was seen with very clear relief (similar to mountains and is clearly visible), while quartz is only visible through the polarization interference. Alusilicate is seen by the light brown color, by not polarizing the light and by having low relief.
The 0.6 mg sample material corresponded to 1000 particles ± 20 particles. It can be demonstrated, partly by calculating the number of particles by the weight of particles with a median of 77 μm corresponding to 0.6 mg, and partly by counting the number found on the slide by the weight 0.6 mg .
The slide with the sample and immersion oil was then placed under a polarization microscope mounted with a cross table (used to run the slide in east-west trajectories during scanning), allowing the entire cover glass area to be scanned for corundum particles. The number of corundum particles was counted and recorded during the scan. This was done as described above by counting and recording (manually) each corundum particle identified in the sample using their large relief.
The results of the entire study comprising 16 trials are shown in the table below.
Sampleno. Material Abrasive Sample weight in ^g fraction63-90 µm in g Weight of blowing agent in kg Used blowing agent in kg The weight of the workpiece before cleaning in kg The weight of the workpiece cleaned in kg Al2O3 per 1000 particles BG 1 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 1 50.0 9.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 5 BG 2 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 2 50.0 9.8 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 7 BG 3 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 3 50.0 9.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 4 EVX 4 * Concrete Sand /-gravel Alusilikat 50.0 6.1 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 6 BS 1 concrete East Quartz 1 50.0 11.3 0.70 0.66 Not measured Not measured 3
DK 2018 70306 A1
BS 2 * concrete East Quartz 2 20.0 5.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 6 BS 3 concrete East Quartz 3 20.0 6.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 3 BS 4 * concrete East Alusilikat 20.0 2.1 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 7 BM 1 Red bricks Quartz 1 50.0 10.2 0.60 0.56 Not measured Not measured 5 BM2 Red bricks Quartz 2 50.0 10.5 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 6 BM 3 Red bricks Quartz 3 50.0 7.5 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 6 BM 4 * Red bricks Alusilikat 20.0 6.2 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 9 BP 1 plasteredfleet Quartz 1 50.0 9.1 0.60 0.90 5.98 5.60 5 BP 2 plasteredfleet Quartz 2 50.0 7.2 0.60 0.90 6.12 5.76 0 BP 3 plasteredfleet Quartz 3 50.0 7.3 0.60 0.94 6.06 5.60 5 BP 4 * plasteredfleet Alusilikat 20.0 5.4 0.60 0.88 6.30 5.92 4
specimens are crushed with mortar, others are crushed in sling mill
In contrast to all other results, sample number BP2 showed that there was no corundum in the sample. Repeating the analysis of the sample yielded the same result, and the explanation is probably that an error was made as no corundum tracer was added. This results in a random test.
Mean number of particles for the series of the 15 samples (Phased BP2) was 5.4 ± 1.5 per 1000 particles, which is satisfactorily close to the added amount of 10 of 5% corundum. Essentially, the entire amount of tracer added was seen to be traceable in the samples.
It is also seen that, for example, the increase of material in the contaminated product that occurred by cleaning the plaster on brick had no effect on the detection of corundum. This may be because a large part of this was ground and washed out because it was finer than 63 µm.
It is also seen that there is no difference whether crushing was used in agate mortar or sling mill.
DK 2018 70306 A1
Furthermore, it is seen that there is no difference in some grain size distribution for quartz.
whether it was used

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
A method of demolishing and / or collecting and / or cleaning a building item and / or building material in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a tracer, wherein the tracer comprises an amount of tracer and / or a number of particle markers, the tracer if any comprising a material other than the building material or building material, and / or where the tracer has at least one traceable physical property which is different from the same physical property of the building item or building material and, where appropriate, the particle markers are microparticles, each of which has a visually readable code inscription or marking such as a serial number,
- applying the tracer to the building material and / or mixing the tracer into the building material,
- demolishing and / or collecting at least part of the building workpiece and / or cleaning a surface of the building workpiece, producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the applied or mixed tracer and material or material debris which has been demolished, collected and / or cleaned of the building material, and
- associating the contaminated product with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition by means of a determination or reading of the tracer in the contaminated product.
[2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the further step of determining, by means of the tracer, that at least part or sample of the contaminated product is derived from an associated specific renovation task, and potentially determining an amount of, a type of , a content and / or composition of the demolished, collected and / or purified material in the contaminated product by means of its association with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
DK 2018 70306 A1
[3]
The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the step of associating the tracer with the specific building renovation and / or building demolition, wherein this step is potentially performed before, during or after the demolition and / or collection and / or demolition step.
[4]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step of associating the tracer with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition comprises posting and / or recording one or more materials appearing on and / or in the building item and / or the building material to be demolished, collected and / or cleared, and potentially further comprising determining and potentially posting and / or recording a quantity of one or more of these materials in said building item and / or building material.
[5]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the presence of the tracer in the contaminated product is carried out by analysis under a microscope or by chemical identification or by measuring radioactivity.
[6]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contaminated product comprises:
at least 50% of material or material residues that are demolished, collected and / or purified from the building work, where at least a portion of this material or material residues is potentially particulate, potentially with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm, and where this material or these material residues further potentially comprises at least 50% by weight of this material or these material residues having a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm, and / or from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the tracer mixed material or material residues which are demolished, collected and / or purified from the building material, and / or provided on at least one surface of each of a plurality of particles of this material or material residues, the tracer, where appropriate, potentially comprising or substantially comprising one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics , glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corond um, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluoresceDK 2018 70306 A1 purifying substance and DNA tracer, and / or where the tracer is particulate and / or in fluid form, and where the microparticles potentially comprise or contain it. substantially consists of a plastic material and / or where the code inscription is stamped, printed, melted or engraved in the surface of the miracle articles, and / or where the code inscription comprises one or more characters, digits, letters and / or symbols, and / or where the markers are, where appropriate, plate shaped, the plate shape preferably having a greatest width or length between 0.002 to 10 mm and / or a thickness of 0.002 to 10 mm.
[7]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tracer is applied or blended by spraying the tracer onto the building workpiece and / or building material and / or by a manual application, for example with a roller and / or brush, for example on a surface of the building workpiece. , and / or a manual pouring and / or application and / or mixing, for example, in particulate building material.
[8]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tracer mixes a particulate material, such as quartz sand, which is subsequently mixed with the building part and / or the material and / or the material residues.
[9]
A contaminated product which may be provided by the method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contaminated product comprises at least 80% residue of and / or waste from one or more building materials, wherein at least a portion of the residue or waste is particulate having a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm, and wherein the residue or waste comprises at least 50% by weight of the residue or waste with a grain size of 0.002 to 100 mm and from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of a tracer mixed with the residue or waste, and / or provided on at least one surface of each of a plurality of particles of residue or debris, the tracer comprising an amount of tracer and / or a plurality of particle markers, the tracer, if any, comprising a material other than the building block or building material, and / or where the tracer has at least one traceable physical property
DK 2018 70306 A1 cabinet which is different from the same physical property of the building material or building material, wherein the tracer further comprises or substantially consists of one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corondum, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluorescent and DNA tracers, and where appropriate, the particle markers are microparticles, each of which on a surface has a code inscription or - a visual readable marker, such as a serial number, where the microparticles further comprise or substantially comprise a plastics material.
[10]
Use or recycling of the contaminated product according to claim 9 for the production of a building workpiece or building material, wherein the contaminated product forms part of the building workpiece or building material produced.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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DK180013B1|2020-01-22|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2020-01-03| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20191118 |

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2020-01-22| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200122 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DKPA201870306A|DK180013B1|2018-05-17|2018-05-17|Method of demolishing, collecting or cleaning a building item or material and a contaminated product|DKPA201870306A| DK180013B1|2018-05-17|2018-05-17|Method of demolishing, collecting or cleaning a building item or material and a contaminated product|

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EP19174896.1A| EP3570026A3|2018-05-17|2019-05-16|Method with tracing agent for detecting a quantity of building material|